Nmap is a free, open-source port scanner available for both UNIX and Windows.
It has an optional graphical front-end, NmapFE, and supports a wide variety of
scan types, each one with different benefits and drawbacks.
This article describes some of these scan types, explaining their relative benefits
and just how they actually work. It also offers tips about which types of
scan would be best against which types of host.
The article assumes you have Nmap installed (or that you know how to install
it. Instructions are available on the Nmap website, http://www.insecure.org/
nmap/install/inst-source.html ), and that you have the required privileges
to run the scans detailed (many scans require root or Administrator privileges).
A frequently asked questions section has been added since the first version of
this article, and this is included as the last section in this version. This is a fully
revised and updated version of this tutorial, re-typed and converted to a TeX
format, allowing more output formats to be utilised. At the time of writing, the
latest Nmap version was 4.11.
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